Guide to the use of the PEP Web Archive

By opening two browser windows this guide may be run at the same time as you are researching the PEP Web Archive. Keep both windows open while you work through the examples. It has been found to be more helpful to start using the PEP Archive only AFTER taking this 45 minute tutorial.

You can download a copy of this Quick Introductory Tutorial to be printed out by going to: http://www.p-e-p.org/ If you do that you can read the tutorial from your hardcopy and at the same time, practice using the PEP Web facility.

1. Getting Started

To begin the tutorial you need to start your browser and then click on this link:

http://pep.gvpi.net/pep/lpext.dll?f=templates&fn=main-h.htm

Depending on the arrangements made with your institution you will automatically gain clearance through the security system or be required to enter a user identity and password. You can set these up so they are remembered on your computer and you do not have to enter them each time in the usual way.

Note: User IDs and passwords are supplied on strict conditions. The PEP Web server can record and report any misuse of license conditions or User ID which may lead to loss of license or penalties under law.

Once through the security system the PEP Web opening window should look like this.

Note that the window is divided into three parts ("panes"): the top pane has the PEP logos and database version, and tabs for accessing different parts of the system. The left bottom portion is the Table of Contents pane ("TOC Pane"), and the right bottom pane is the Document and Search Pane, which we will describe in more detail below.

The four menu tabs in the top pane – Document, Search, Results, and Help – change the contents of the Document and Search pane:

o You Click the Search Tab to access the search form which lets you do full-text searches, searches by article title, author, year, etc.

o You Click the Results Tab to see the results of a search and click on the documents you want to look at. .(You are taken there automatically when you do a search)

o You Click on the Document Tab to see the document selected. .(You are taken there automatically when you do a search)

o You Click on the Help Tab for basic information on navigation, searching, printing and copying.

o You Click Logout to exit PEP Web when you have finished and will take you back to the PEP website. When you are logged on you are using up shares assigned to your institution and, therefore, logging out is important.

Just below the menu tabs, you will find several buttons, depending on the features that are available in the current context. Under the Document Tab, the only button available is Toc Synch, Toc Synch can be clicked when viewing a document in the document window so that the Contents displays the bibliographic data for that document.

The Contents Window can be used to show every article on the database. See below.

Each of these menu tabs will be explained as we go through the tutorial. But first, we want to get you familiar with the Web Search Engine.

2. Basic Use of PEP Web as a Library Stack

PEP Web offers superior search and hyperlink jump capacities that mean that the best way to use it is using the superior search facilities built into it. However, it can also be used to browse the material contained in it as if standing by a library stack.

2.1 Table of Journals

The contents of the ten PEP Journals can be browsed. Click on the plus sign in the left contents (TOC) pane-and then click on the TOC entry “Table of Journals”. Your screen should now look like this:

Select the Journal you want to look at (you scroll down using the scroll-bar at the right of the window) by double clicking. This will reveal the contents of the first volume – you can just keep scrolling down and at any point click on an article to view it.

In the above illustration, the International Journal was selected – volume 1 1920 – and we will now select an article by Sigmund Freud by clicking on the title of the article.

As a quicker way to browse through the Table of Journals you can expand the table in the TOC pane by clicking on the plus sign the left of the text "Table of Journals". Then select the plus sign by the journal you want to browse, for example, Psychoanalytic Dialogues, and then double click the entry for the volume you want to open, e.g., Volume 1. Your screen should look like this:

Note that you can now scroll down using the right hand controls or click on any of the volume numbers directly. You can also repeat this by expanding the plus sign against any of the other Journals. At all stages you can click on any article and read it.

2.2 Table of Authors

A second basic method is to use the TABLE OF AUTHORS. Click on the entry "Table of Authors" in the left hand contents pane and your screen will look like this:

Now select the first letter of the author’s name – say W, for Winnicott – and then scroll down using the right hand controls until you see his name.

7 Click on Winnicott, D.W and your screen will look like this:

7 Select one of the articles and click:

All text in red represents jump links. Click on Winnicott, 1941 above and a pop up will display the reference. In this case to Winnicott’s well known book – not yet part of the PEP collection.

7 Click on Winnicott, 1963a above and a pop up will display the reference – this time to one of his articles in the database. Click on that reference and you can go and look at it, etc. etc.

3. Find What's Been Written on a Topic

PEP has customized the way the underlying LivePublish search engine works to make it a particularly powerful tool to search the psychoanalytic literature.

Search engines have a complex underlying logic. Those who are really interested and skilled can use LivePublish to develop their own special searches – the syntax can be learned off the Help Tab.

But PEP has tried to make it easier by creating some simple customized methods easily accessible by buttons to be found on the Search Form which is accessed by clicking on the Search tab.

3.1 Finding One Term

7 Click on the Search tab to access the search form

7 Start by positioning your cursor in the first field [NS1] of the form.

7 Type in: countertransference and select the “article” (note that article is selected by default) and “ranked” radio buttons.

Your screen will now look something like this.

Notice that with the radio buttons labeled “article” and “ranked” selected, the LivePublish search engine will look within the full text of all the 30,000 plus articles in the database and select out those where the term “countertransference” appears most frequently. Click the Search Button at the bottom of the form and the results will display – 100 hits at a time.

You may now click on the first article by Harold Blum and you will be taken to it:

See how the search term “countertransference” is highlighted.

If you now click Toc Synch (in the row of labeled icons below the tabs) notice that you will be able to see where you are in the PEP database and to see the article.

Passing the cursor over the highlighted reference in the Contents window will show you the exact reference at the bottom of the screen.

To look at further results either click the icon labeled Next Hit Document and you will be taken to the next article with hits (it will be the article with the second most references to the search term) or “Next Hit” which will take you (one at a time) to all the instances of the search term in first Blum’s article and then the others.

If at any time you wish to return to the list of results then click the Results Tab. If you want to do a new search click the Search Tab to be returned to the Search Form.

3.2 Refining Your Search

You may well feel these are rather a lot of articles to look at!

To get more precise results you can refine your search by defining your interest more specifically.

Let us suppose we are interested not just in the term “countertransference” but in the specific question of the way countertransference can lead the analyst to enact with the patient.

Click the Search Tab and type in the word “countertransference” and then the word "enactment". This time click the radio button Paragraph – this will find articles where these two terms are close together (in fact within 25 words of each other). If “ranked” is still checked articles will display according to which have the most instances. Your screen will look like this:

Now click the Search Button to get a list of results.

You can see from the top of the screen that there are in fact 247 articles where these terms are found near together. Once again you can look through them article by article or hit by hit (match by match).

Let us now try being still more specific and look at situations where authors talk about how they interpret enactment in the countertransference. Again click the search Tab and Type in the word “countertransference” and then the word "enactment" and then “interp*”. The * is used her as a wild card so that it will find instances of any word starting with interp, e.g., interpret, interpretation, interpreting. Again click the radio button paragraph and if “ranked” is still checked articles will display according to which have the most instances. Your screen will look like this:

7 Click the Search Button to display your results.

3.3 Printing your Search

You can also print your results or export them to a word processor or send them to a colleague.

7 Type in your words to search in any of the custom search screens

7 If you want to generate only a bibliographic listing, make sure you have selected "Off" under the "Show Context" option on the Search Form..

7 Click OK

The complete bibliography that you just searched appears in the document window.(For more detailed discussion go to "Using List Bibliography" and click here. The list appearing in the document window can be cut and pasted into your word processing program and printed. Click here to learn how to email your search to a colleague.

3.4 Bookmarking or Saving Your Search

PEP Web is accessed through your browser and so allows you to use all its features. If you want to save search results simply use you’re your browser tools to add the displayed page to your favourites. You can create special folders of favourites for PEP Web according to your different projects.

If you use Internet Explorer:

7 From the Main Tool bar Select Favourites à add favourite

7 Assign a name (and if you wish a folder name)

7 Click OK.

You will find the page in your favourites under the appropriate name – by clicking on it (whenever attached to the web) you will get back.

4. Making More Sense of Your Search Results

Returning to the search we did earlier on countertransference it will be recalled we obtained a list of the 1000 articles (out of some 37,000) in which the word appeared most frequently inside a paragraph. The results are displayed 100 at a time. To move on to the second hundred click on Next at the bottom of the page.

If you move through all 10 pages of results you will notice that Paula Heimann’s 1950 article on countertransference, often considered one of the most important influences on modern psychoanalytic technique, does not appear in the list of articles. In asking why not, we will come to understand much more about how the PEP Web search program works.

Remember that the search we just ran will only pick up the articles which use the term countertransference. Perhaps Heimann’s work does not appear because she writes about the analyst’s feelings, rather than the term countertransference. To search for articles which contain the phrase "analyst's feelings" requires a phrase search. This is achieved by placing the phrase inside quotation marks.

Note that the radio button is set at article.

7 Display the results by clicking the Search Button at the bottom of the form:

7 Scroll down (using arrow key to the right of the screen) look for Heimann's name. There it is at number 26!

7 Click on the Heimann entry and the classic paper appears:

It may have occurred to you that the results we have been getting may have been influenced by the fact that for many years it was customary to spell countertransference with a hyphen i.e. counter-transference. Like any search program LivePublish has its own set of rules and assumptions about the use of special characters. In fact, it is designed to treat hyphens as spaces. Therefore to search for counter-transference, you need to conduct a phrase search using quotation marks to define the phrase "counter-transference".

7 Click on the Search Button once more you and will find a new set of results. This time Heimann is in position 11.

7 Double-Click on Heimann's name

The article will be displayed in the Document Window. We can see that Heimann uses the term counter-transference, not countertransference.

One way to get round such problems is to use wild cards in such a way that both spellings are “captured”.

7 Go to the search Tab and this time type c*rtr*ce into the first field of the form. You are requesting a "wildcard search".

You may wish to use wild cards in this way if you anticipate the term may have spelling problems or be used in different grammatical forms – for instance enact* will find enact, enacted, enacting, enactment, etc.

4.1 “Phrase Searches”: A Word Of Explanation and Warning

The above phrase searches were done using the article radio button checked in order to demonstrate a point. If you do a phrase search and check the paragraph radio button you will get an error message. This is because the paragraph level search is in fact a default phrase search where we are asking the search engine to find all instances of the terms within 25 words of each other. [The actual syntax is, for example, "analyst feelings"@25]. You can, therefore, do phrase searches at the paragraph level – in fact recommended – but you do not need to type in the quotes {“”}.

5. Finding Footnotes and Other Works by an Author

We can use a special feature of PEPWeb [NS2] - hyperlinks - to look at Heimann's article and use it to introduce some other interesting features.

This time find Heimann’s article the quick way by using an author search.

7 Type Paula Heimann into the author name box.

7 Hit the Search Button to display the results: 20 articles will be shown.

7 Open the 1950 article:

The number "1" in red super-scripted at the end of the title indicates there is a footnote. Place the cursor on the coloured number 1 and Click - a popup footnote window will open to display the footnote.

7 Click the X in upper right corner of the footnote window to close this footnote box.

7 Now place the cursor on the name PAULA HEIMANN and notice how it changes into a hand. Click on it and you will obtain a list of all this author’s articles on the database.

The articles listed are in color, indicating a hypertext link directly to any of them. If you click the cursor on the colored text you will be taken directly to that specific article.

Now use the back button on your browser (another thing to remember for convenient navigation) to go back to the Paula Heimann paper "On counter-transference".

Click the Author information icon [NS3] following the author's name. Another box will open with information about the author, including address at time of publication.

Click on the "X" at top right of screen to close this references screen.

6. Who Quotes [NS4] Whom?

We have seen there are twenty papers by Paula Heimann on the disc. You might also be interested in who quotes them and for what purpose. To see all the References to Heimann in PEP Web:

7 Click the search tab: Type in Heimann in the top field.

7 Hit search to see the results – 537 articles where she is quoted.

NOTE: Article searches (radio button clicked article) have been set up in such a way as to exclude bibliographies. This means the results reflect discussion of an author in the text, not the references at the end. If you are looking for a match in a bibliography click the References radio button.

Now you can move through the actual references in the articles.

We have established who quotes Heimann. But whom does she quote? Does she, for instance, quote the work of Heinrich Racker, an analyst widely known for work in the area of countertransference at the same time – at least in the articles we have on PEP Web.

This query and similar ones can be tested easily. Go to the search tab again.

7 Enter Heimann into the Author field

7 Enter Heinrich Racker into the Top field

We can see that Heimann does not cite Racker.

Now we can see if Racker cites Heimann.

7 Enter Heinrich Racker into the Author field

7 Enter Heimann into the top field

We can see that Racker cites Heimann three times.

Looking at the Bibliography under the Results Tab, Racker quotes Heimann in three papers and is clearly well aware of and interested in her work.

7. Who Else Wrote That Year?

Heimann was writing in 1950. What else was going on at this time?

To see what other articles appeared in the volume of the journal in which Heimann was writing

7 Use the Back Button to go back to the 1950 Heimann article (or find it again).

Once there, simply click on the red volume number of the International Journal – Volume 31. You will get an alphabetised bibliographic list of all the papers in that volume.

Alternatively, if you wanted to instead see the articles place in the Table of Journals, you could instead (returning to the first page of the Heimann article) simply click on the title – note that as you move the cursor over the title of the paper "ON COUNTER-TRANSFERENCE" it will change to a hand indicating that you can click there.

You will find the contents pages displayed for the year of Journal in which Paula Heimann’s article appeared in the International Journal of Psychoanalysis.

You can now see the articles in the volume of the journal in which Heimann's article appeared.

7 Scroll down the Document Pane (using the control tab the right hand side) until you come to the paper On the Termination of Analysis by Annie Reich. Click on the red title by Annie Reich’s name and you will see:

7 Scroll down until you come to the following text making an interesting point of comparison in relation to countertransference.

NOTE: If you scroll down through the Document Pane a little more you see the original source page number 183, which you might find useful for citation purposes.)

8. What Else Was Being Published in All Eight Journals in 1950

7 Again click on the Search Tab: Enter 1950 in the field labelled "Year". Click Search.

351 articles - the total number published that year in this database - will be displayed .

The papers can be browsed by clicking on the titles.

9. What was Said about Books or the Meaning of Dreams

There are many other things that can be done using the search capabilities of LivePublish.. For example, the search context can be specified to examine only book reviews or situations where the content of dreams have been reported.

To look at what has been said about a book in book reviews, for example, we can use the "article type" field and restrict the search to book reviews.

7 Click on the Search Tab

7 Enter "rev" in the field labelled "article type".

7 Enter "The Skin Ego" in the Article Title field.

There are two reviews of this book by the French analyst Didier Anzieu. Try putting in the titles of other books and seeing what was said.

To look at what has been said about the content of dreams, for example, we can use the "dreams" field and to restrict the search to those areas of the text on the disc which have been tagged as reporting dreams. (All results should be treated with caution as this tagging is not highly reliable).

Let us look for dreams about “falling”.

7 Click on the Search tab.

7 Click the “Dream” radio button

7 Enter “Falling” into the top search field

There are 37 dreams reported where the idea of falling occurred.

The first hit or dream reference is in a paper by Jorge Ahumada (1995). Use Next Article Hit to look at the other dream examples.

10. More Refined Searching by Context

If we go back to our search on countertransference and enactment it will be recalled there were 247 articles where these two terms appeared in the same paragraph (within 25 words of each other).

To refine the search to a smaller number of key articles, let us think about a cluster of terms (and thus concepts): countertransference, enactment, analyst’s feelings, interpretation, living out the (transference) and let us make use of the logical operators “AND” and “OR”. Let us also use the wild card method to search for variations of words such as interpret, interpretation, interpreting etc. In order to capture this expression of these concepts:

Now type in the top field the following:

"c*tr*ce & enact* "/25 / "liv* out & c*tr*ce "/25 – Make sure the article level radio button is checked. [We are requesting countertransference in its various possible spellings and enactment (in its varieties) to appear together within 25 words or some form of “living out” and countertransference in its various possible spellings.]

Note: You can cut and paste these words and then drop them into the top Search Form.

Click the Search Button and you will be astonished how quickly PEP Web achieves this search – searching 37000 articles plus. It finds seven core articles which when examined all discuss precisely what we are looking for:

11. Printing a Complete Article or Selected Text

PEP Web allows you to print out complete papers, selected text, the ranked hit list and the bibliography contents simply by using your Internet browser features.

To print the document click anywhere in the window frame you wish to print and click the Print button on your current view of the particular window frame chosen.

In Internet Explorer, you may also click in the window frame you wish to print. Then, right-click and choose print from the menu that appears.

12. Using the Copy and Paste Commands

PEP Web allows you to highlight and copy text and images to the Clipboard as permitted by your Internet browser application (e.g., Internet Explorer in Microsoft Windows). Likewise, the browser's Save As feature. This feature is provided for your personal use of the product. For example, you may wish to copy information on a certain topic to an electronic file to make a research file (notes, lecture, draft paper) for your future reference. You may wish to print out an article to read at a later time when you are away from your computer.

The Copy feature allows you to quickly copy large sections of text within a document to other applications, such as a word processor. To copy, select a portion of the text and click the Copy command on your web browser's Edit menu. Once the text has been copied to the clipboard, you can switch to another application and apply the copied text by choosing Paste from your application's Edit menu.

However, copyright law does not allow you, for example, to copy an article for commercial publication or for posting onto a computer website or bulletin board. These examples are illustrative, and are not meant to summarise applicable law.

13. How to Email a Colleague Your Search Results

Use the Copy command above but paste into your email application.

14. Support

PEP offers customer support on a variety of terms. For hours and details:

http://www.p-e-p.org/Serv1v2.htm

15. Bug Reports

The PEP infobase of over 37,000 articles is 99.95% accurate as a copy of the original journals. However, this does not preclude errors. You may report any bugs you find to PEP for inclusion in the next feasible update.

http://www.p-e-p.org/bugs